Don’t cut back the dried stalks of perennials (milkweed is a perennial).

Don’t pull up dead annuals or weeds. They’ll trap whatever leaves blow by, creating their own enriching mulch while shielding insects.

Don’t install a deep layer of mulch, which could block the insects’ escape in spring.

Don’t disturb bare soil where many wild bee species, including bumblebees, overwinter in small nests.

Do consider planting a cover crop to protect small animals and insects.

Do add new perennials including bulbs, trees and shrubs at a time when fall moisture can help establish their root systems.

Do delay tilling or — better yet — don’t till at all.

Let your pollinator habitat go wild, and you will provide a safe place for many beneficial insects throughout the winter months.