by Megan Durisin

Foods produced from genetically engineered crops don’t pose additional health risks to humans compared with their conventionally bred counterparts, according to the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine.

Related: EPA releases, then pulls, report on glyphosate

A NAS committee outlined findings in a 408-page report released Tuesday. It reviewed epidemiological data from the U.S. and Canada, where food made with genetically engineered (GE) plants has been consumed for the past two decades, and compared it with information from Western Europe, where such foods aren’t widely eaten.

Study finds glyphosate not linked to cancer in humans, but difficult to detect effects on environment. (Photo: designer491/Thinkstock)

“The committee found no evidence of differences between the data from the United Kingdom and western Europe and the data from the United States and Canada in the long-term pattern of increase or decrease in specific health problems after the introduction of GE foods in the 1990s,” the NAS said.

Related: WHO cancer group suggests glyphosate is 'probable carcinogen'

Engineering cuts insecticides and makes plants glow: QuickTake

“Patterns of change in cancer incidence in the United States and Canada are generally similar to those in the United Kingdom and western Europe, where diets contain much lower amounts of food derived from GE crops.”

While no substantiated evidence was found to link modified crops to increased health risks, the study noted the difficulty in detecting subtle or long-term effects on health and the environment.

Genetically modified crops have attracted controversy since they were first commercialized two decades ago, but have come under particular scrutiny in recent months. In the U.S., a law requiring labeling of some foods containing GMO ingredients is set to take effect in Vermont on July 1 after a bid to create a national standard stalled in the Senate earlier this year. Major food companies have said scientific consensus proves that genetically modified organisms (also widely known as GMOs) are safe and that labeling is unnecessary and could drive up costs for consumers. Groups opposed to GMOs on ethical and environmental grounds say consumers have a right to know if their food has been modified.

Another source of debate over GMOs recently has concerns about the safety of glyphosate, the weedkiller that some crops have been modified to tolerate. The chemical, sold by Monsanto Co. under the Roundup brand, probably causes cancer, the International Agency for Research on Cancer said last year. Monsanto, the world’s largest seed company, rejected the findings. The World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations said in a report Monday that glyphosate isn’t likely to be carcinogenic.

Not all the findings from the NAS study were positive for GMO advocates. While the crops often provide farmers an economic advantage, in some cases “damaging levels of resistance” emerged in insects targeted by the crops. Weed resistance has also emerged as a “major agronomic problem” in areas with a heavy reliance on glyphosate, the herbicide that some GMO crops have been modified to tolerate.

Differences in regulatory processes among various countries are likely to persist and will continue to cause trade problems, the study also said. The committee recommended that new crop varieties be regulated based on a plant’s characteristics, rather than the process by which it was created.

Related: FDA to begin testing foods for glyphosate

The committee’s review was focused on corn, soybean and cotton crops and involved the review of about 900 publications. More than 90% of the corn and soybeans planted in the U.S. last year were produced from genetically engineered seed, according to U.S. Department of Agriculture data.

--With assistance from Jack Kaskey.

To contact the reporter on this story:

Megan Durisin in Chicago at [email protected]

To contact the editors responsible for this story:

Simon Casey at [email protected]

Jim Efstathiou Jr.

© 2016 Bloomberg L.P