by Josh Wingrove 

Talks to revamp the North American Free Trade Agreement are set to resume as U.S. and Canadian negotiators push to strike a deal amid President Donald Trump’s threats to walk away.

Canadian Foreign Affairs Minister Chrystia Freeland is scheduled to meet U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer in Washington Wednesday after a series of back-to-back meetings last week failed to yield an agreement. They were rushing to bridge their differences by the end of August so Canada could join a preliminary pact the U.S. had struck with Mexico just days earlier.

Trump is threatening to exclude Canada from a new NAFTA and proceed with Mexico only, despite pushback from members of Congress and powerful business groups. Those constituents have also expressed concern that Trump will intensify a trade war with Beijing this week by announcing tariffs on $200 billion of Chinese goods.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, speaking Tuesday, singled out two issues as important for the country -- maintaining some form of anti-dumping dispute panels, and an exemption for cultural industries.

“We’ve been very clear that there are a number of things that we absolutely must see,” Trudeau said. “No NAFTA is better than a bad NAFTA deal for Canadians.”

Too Late

Though the U.S. president often threatens to withdraw from NAFTA, the latest pledges are piling up pressure on negotiators who are trying to wrap up more than a year’s worth of talks and strike a deal that could be signed before Dec. 1.

The White House on Friday gave Congress a required 90-day notification that it would be signing a revised version of NAFTA with Mexico and would include Canada only “if it is willing.” Under congressional rules for passing trade pacts, the administration must publicly release text of the agreement 60 days before any signing, meaning wrapping up the U.S.-Canada negotiations this month could put everything back on track. 

But Trump seems unconcerned about the timeframe. “There is no political necessity to keep Canada in the new NAFTA deal,” he wrote on Twitter over the weekend. “If we don’t make a fair deal for the U.S. after decades of abuse, Canada will be out,” he wrote, adding: “Congress should not interfere.”

The president’s comments came a day after Democrat Ron Wyden, ranking member of the Senate Finance Committee that oversees trade, criticized the administration for excluding Canada from its NAFTA deal. Wyden in a statement Tuesday said “you can’t fix NAFTA without fixing issues with Canada” while also asserting that Congress has “authority over trade -- the president cannot pull America out of NAFTA without Congress’s permission.”

Dairy, Disputes 

Those issues include America’s demand for access to Canada’s highly protected dairy sector, as well as the Trudeau administration’s push to preserve a dispute-resolution mechanism that the White House wants to dismantle. Canada also wants to maintain exemptions for cultural sector, with Trudeau saying on Tuesday that the exemption “must stand” because, for instance, he wouldn’t want to see Canadian TV networks swallowed up. 

"It would be a giving up of our sovereignty and our identity, and that is something we simply will not accept," he said of the cultural exemption. On the dispute panels, he called it a matter of fairness. “We need a dispute resolution mechanism like Chapter 19 and we will hold firm on that.”

If neither side budges, it’s unclear whether Trump can withdraw from NAFTA without congressional approval, though Trump has said he can do so unilaterally. Under terms of the original pact, any leader can pull their nation out after giving six months’ written notice.

One thing is clear: Congress could help determine who has leverage in this week’s bilateral talks. If lawmakers stay mum on the threat of excluding Canada from NAFTA, Trudeau could feel pressure to make concessions. But if American lawmakers insist that Trump include his northern neighbor, U.S. negotiators may feel the need to make a deal with Ottawa.

While Canada is clearly under pressure from Trump, “it’s not clear sailing on his part either,” Paul Heinbecker, a former Canadian diplomat and now a distinguished fellow at the Centre for International Governance Innovation in Waterloo, Ontario, told BNN Bloomberg Television on Tuesday. 

--With assistance from Shawn Donnan and Erik Wasson.

To contact the reporter on this story: Josh Wingrove in Ottawa at [email protected]

To contact the editors responsible for this story: Brendan Murray at [email protected] Randall Woods, Robert Jameson

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