In 2023, Kansas and Oklahoma farmers seeded a combined 33,000 acres to winter canola, a dramatic increase from the previous crop year by 28,500, acres according to a USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service January report.
“It was a good year for more acres of winter canola returning to our region,” says Mike Stamm, Kansas State University canola breeder, in a KSRE News Service release. “Similar to the 2024 winter wheat crop, we had some variability across the state, with two canola plots 45 minutes away from each other averaging 50 and 20 bushels per acre, respectively.” That extreme variation in yields was due to the irregular weather patterns that Kansas saw through much of the early part of 2024.
The early spring was dry for most of Kansas, but multiple rains in May and later spring really helped the crop at a critical point, he says. “When moisture finally did come in late spring, it created a big impact on the crop this year,” Stamm says. “That lack of rain in March and April ultimately did limit the yield potential of the crop overall, but those later rains and cool temperatures lent to some recovery.”
This was after a cold spell at the end of March that greatly affected the crop at a critical stage of its development, particularly near Hutchinson, Stamm says. He saw some significant damage to early-flowering materials.
“The K-State canola trial site in Hutchinson recorded only 11 inches of total precipitation from Sept. 1, 2023, to harvest,” he says in the release. “Still, some varieties yielded very well in the 40s- and 50s-bushel-per-acre range.”
“It is pretty amazing that the crop yielded like it did on that amount of rainfall. It all boils down to the timeliness of those spring rains,” Stamm adds.
Stamm says direct cutting of winter canola may have also contributed to better yields. Rather than swathing the crop and then picking up those windrows to harvest, the direct cutting may be the primary method of harvesting farmers may adopt in the future.
You can hear more about this year’s crop on K-State’s Agriculture Today radio program.
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