December 19, 2017
Farmers who want to tap into the state’s surging craft brew industry now have a guidebook to help them grow a key ingredient: barley for malting.
Since raising barley for beer is considerably different from growing it to feed animals, grain experts from the College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences (CFAES) at Ohio State University have just published a guide on growing it for malting. In Ohio, winter barley is planted in early fall and harvested in late June, typically avoiding high temperatures that can increase protein content in the grain.
Barley for beer needs to be low in protein and high in carbohydrates. Barley for feed animals, which is what most of the barley grown in Ohio is used for, is the opposite: high in protein and low in carbohydrates.
“We’re looking forward to beer made from Ohio-grown barley,” says Eric Stockinger, associate professor in the Department of Horticulture and Crop Science. “It’s taken us a lot to get to this point.”
The number of acres planted in malting barley in Ohio is on the rise, spurred by the state’s growing craft brew industry, Stockinger says. He is testing seed varieties in plots across Ohio to find one that will produce barley suitable for malting and good enough for beer.
A new privately-owned malting facility is expected to be built in Marysville, creating a demand for local barley. Malting involves soaking dry barley, letting it germinate and then drying it for use in making craft beer.
As it stands now, much of the craft beer made in Ohio uses barley from outside the state, including Europe.
Farmers who plant barley for malting need to guard against head scab, caused by a fungus that can reduce the quality of the barley grain, says Laura Lindsey, a small grains specialist with OSU Extension. Lindsey has test plots of winter barley around the state, and both she and Stockinger are among the authors of the new guide on growing the crop.
Applying the right amount of nitrogen at the right stage is critical, because too much nitrogen or nitrogen applied too late could increase the protein content in the barley and make it unsuitable for beer, Lindsey says.
“If quality standards are met for the barley, there should be a premium for the grain,” she says. “Farmers are very excited about it. Prices are low for wheat, corn and soybeans, so they’re looking for a niche, a new opportunity.”
Barley for malting is expected to bring in $6 to $7 a bushel, Stockinger says.
While that price may be attractive, if anything goes amiss in harvesting or storing the barley, the malting facility could reject the crop, and currently there are no secondary markets for it. Barley for malting can’t be stored in a common silo, because if the barley mixes with other grains it can be rejected, Stockinger says. A maltster may also reject barley if the seed coat of the grain is damaged during harvest.
“The malting companies only want the best stuff,” he says. “Ohio has the capacity to produce the finest quality malting barley, but doing so will also require that the growers are diligent in managing their crop.”
Source: OSUE
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